Burada inceleyeceğimiz çoğu ifadeyi daha önce kullandık. Önceki kullanımlarımızda genelde "phrase" halindeydiler. İngilizce dilbilgisinde bu ifadeler clause olarak da kullanılırlar. |
I have been studying since this morning.
Adverbial phrase
I have been studying since I got up this morning.
Adverbial clause
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Before we entered the room, he saw us. They had been watching a movie before we arrived. After we left the house, my telephone rang. After he finished school, he began to work as a cook. I will leave after we finish this job. |
Not: afterwards sözcüğü ile adverbial clause oluşturulamaz, sadece adverb olarak kullanılabilir. |
The movie ended. I saw her afterwards. (after that) |
When I grow up, I want to be just like my father.
I will inform him about the situation when I meet him tomorrow.
Adverbial clause içindeki gelecek ifadelerini future tense ile değil, present tense ile kurarız.
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"When" sözcüğünü belirttiğimiz vakitte yaşanan bir andan bahsetmek için kullanırız. Bir süreklilik ifade etmez.
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"While" ifadesi "when"den farklı olarak, bir süreklilik de ifade eder. |
While the teacher was explaining "Subordinating Conjunctions", I fell asleep. We were getting ready to leave while he was enjoying the sunset. As he was enjoying the sunset, we were getting ready to leave. |
"Since", geçmişteki olaydan itibaren geçen süreyi ifade eder. Bu anlamı nedeniyle de hemen hemen her zaman perfect tenseler ile kullanılır. |
You should have been looking for this book since it was lost. The dog has been barking non-stop since we tied him in the backyard. Since I moved here 20 years ago, I have been living here. |
"By the time", "bahsedilen eylem tamamlandığı anda" manasını sağlar. |
By the time the fire fighters arrived, the building had already collapsed. I will have already completed my homework by the time you set the table. |
"Till" informal bir ifade olup, yazıda pek kullanılmaz. "bahsedilen zamana kadar" manasındadır. Bu sebeple "until" daha sık tercih edilir. |
You shouldn't leave until we arrive. I'll be staying in bed till I get better. |
Bu iki ifade de, "hemen", "bahsedilen vakitten hemen sonra", "en kısa zamanda" anlamlarını katar. |
Once we left town, we realised we forgot our luggage. I will call you back as soon as I get a chance. |
"As long as", cümleye "olmaya devam ettikçe", "sürdükçe", "sonuna kadar" gibi bir mana da katar: Arkadaş olmaya devam ettikçe, birbirimize yardım etmeliyiz. |
We should help each other as long as we are friends. |
Her seferinde manasını katan bu ifadeler, geniş zamanla kullanılmalıdır. |
Whenever I hear this song, I feel like dancing. She starts crying every time she hears a slightly emotional story. |
The first time I got a very bad mark, I started to cry. Afterwards, I got used to it so much that the last time I got a bad mark, I didn't even feel surprised. He was getting ready to leave for work the last time I talked to him. |
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