Turkish Verbs

Ekmek ile peynir	Ake-make eelay pay-neer
Ekmekle peynir.	ake make-lay pay-neer
A carriage full of stones.
Taş ile dolu bir araba	Tahsh eelay doh-loo beer ah-rah-bah
Taşla dolu bir araba.	tahsh-lah dohloo beer ahrah-bah

The word "ile", meaning "with, togeher, and", is invariable; but it may be used as a suffix, in which case the "-i" drops when the word ends in a consonant. We have thus "-le" (or "-la" according to the euphony)

yıkanmak	To wash oneself	yıcahn-mahk
ödenir	payable	öday-neer
Ödedi	he paid	öday-dy
oynamak	To play	ohy-nah-mahk
gitti	went	gueet-ty
İle	with,together	eelay
Kapanmak	To close, to shut	cah-pah-mahk
taş	stone	tahsh
Dağ	mountain	dahğ
Açmak	to open	ahch-mahk
Ayak	foot	ahyahk
Selamlıyor	he (she) salutes.	say-lahm-lıyohr
kulak	ear	coo-lahk
Kimindir?	Whose (is it)?	keem-een-deer?
neyle?	with what?	nay-lay?
Dil	Tongue, language	deel
Oyunuyor	he plays	ohy-nuyohr

Kalemle (kalem ile) defter.	The pencil and the notebook.
Çiçekle (çiçek ile) dolu bir bahçe.	a garden full of flowers.
Tarakla ayna.	The comb and a mirror.
Karla örtülü bir dağ.	A mountain covered with snow.
Sabunla yıkamak.	To wash oneself with soap.
Topla oynamak.	To play with the ball.
Anahtarla kapamak.	To (shut with the key) lock.
Anahtarla açmak.	To (open with the key) unlock.
Kediyle köpek.	The cat and the dog.
Suyla yıkamak.	To wash with water.

When the word ends in a vowel, "-le" (or "-la") becomes "-yle" (or "-yla")

Halıyla örtülü bir oda.	A room covered with a carpet.
Kitapla dolu bir dolap.	A cupboard full of books.
Neyle ödenir?	With what do we pay?
Parayla.	Withmoney

bahçesiyle

with its garden

kapısıyla

with its door

Paul babasıyla gitti.	Paul went with his father.
Şapkasıyla selamlıyor.	He salutes with his hat.
Parasıyla dedi.	He (she) paid with his (her) money.
Kedisiyle oynuyor.	He plays with his cat.
Ayaklarımızla yürürüz.	With our feet we walk.
Gözlerimizle görürüz.	With our eyes we see.
Dilimizle konuşuruz.	With our tongue we speak.
Kulaklarımızla işitiriz.	With our ears we hear.
Ellerimizle çalışırız.	With our hands we work.

The last five verbs, "yürürüz, görürüz, konuşuruz, işitiriz, çalışırız" are respectively the 1 st person plural of the verbs:
yürümek (to walk),
görmek (to see),
konuşmak (to speak),
işitmek (to hear),
çalışmak (to work).

Ben ve arkadaşım	Me and my friend	benimki	mine
Siz ve baban	You and your father	seninki	yours
O ve annesi	He (she) and his (her) mother	onunki	his (hers).
Biz ve çocuğumuz	We and my friend	bizimki	mine
Siz ve kediniz	You and your cat	sizinki	yours
Onlar ve köpekleri	They and their dog	onlarınki	theirs

Kitap kimindir?	To whom belongs the book?
Benimdir; benimkidir.	(It belongs) to me; it is mine.
Sizindir; sizinkidir.	(It belongs) to you; it is yours.
Onundur; onunkidir.	( It belongs) to him (to her); it is his (hers)
Bizimdir; bizimkidir.	(It belongs) to us; it is ours.
Sizindir; sizinkidir.	(It belongs) to you; it is yours.
Onlarındır; onlarınkidir.	( It belongs) to them; it is theirs.
Bu anahtar kimindir?	To whom belongs (is) this key?
Benimkidir; seninki değildir.	It is mine; it is not yours.
Henry'ninkidir; Paul'ünkü değildir.	Iİt is Henry's;it is not Paul's
Bu anahtarlar kimindir?	To whom belong (are) these keys?
Benimkilerdir.	They are mine.
Paul'ünkülerdir.	They are Paul's.
Dolaptaki şişe.	The bottle (which is) in the cupboard.
Sizdeki kedi.	The cat that is at your home.
Elinizdeki çanta.	The bag (that is) in your hand.
Amerika'daki Türkler.	The Turks of America.
Dünkü rüzgar sertti.	Yesterday's wind was high.
Bugünkü ders kolaydır.	Today's lesson is easy.
Bu sabahki fırtına.	This morming's storm.

Exercise 18. - Put the following sentences into Turkish.

To whom belongs (is) this house?

Is it yours? (2 nd person plurall).

Yes, this garden is his.

No, it is not mine.

Is it yours? ( 2 nd person plural).

No, it is ours.

He plays with the ball.

We see our eyes.

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