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The suffix of the "must" (or "should") modal is "-meli" (or "-malı") applied to the stem and followed by respectively by "-yim, -sin, -yiz, -siniz, -ler" (or "-yım, -sın, -yız, -sınız, -lar").
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The interrogative form is obtained by means of : "miyim?, misin?, mi; miyiz?, misiniz?, ler mi?" (or according to the case, "mıyım?, mısın?, mı?, mıyız?, mısınız?,.... lar mı?") placed, without joining after the verb (stem + meli or malı). |
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It results from the last two sentences that: 1. The stem of the present tense of the verb "demek" (to say) is "-di" |
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2. "ki" here, is a conjunction and is never joined to another word; not to be mixed with the suffix "-ki" (14 th lesson).
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The stem of the verbs forma the 1 st person singular of the imperative mood. The negative form is obtained by adding "-me" (or "-ma") to the stem. The 1 st person plural is obtained by a adding "-elim" (or "-alım") to the stem. When the word ends in a vowel, "-yelim" (or "-yalım") is added. The negative form is obtained by adding "-meyelim" (or "-mayalım") to the stem. The 2 nd person plural is obtained by adding "-iniz" ("-ınız") to the stem. Turning into "-yiniz" (or "-yınız") when the latter ends in a vowel. For the negative form, one has to add "-meyiniz" (or "-maynız"). |
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The suffix of the "conditional" mood is "-se" (or "-sa"). It must be applied to the 3 rd person singular of tenses and followed respectively (according to the person) by "-m, -n,---, -k, -niz (or -nız), -ler (or -lar) |
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Applying "-sa" followed by say "-m" (1 st person ), we have satarsam (if I sell) sattıysam (if I sold) satacaksam (If I'll sell). The Turkish word for "if" is "eğer" (the use of which is quite optional). |
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