Impersonal Verb

Sevmek	To love	sevişmek	to love each other.
Bakmak	To look	bakışmak	to look at one another.
Gülmek	to laugh	gülüşmek	to laugh together.
Vurmak	To beat	vuruşmak	to fight.

The suffix of the reciprocal verb is "-iş" (or "-ış, -üş, -uş") applied to the stem; the vowel of this suffix drops whenever the stem ends in a vowel.

Anlamak	To understand	ahn-lah-mahk
kalkmak	to rise	cahlk-mahk
Park	Park, parking	park
Üzerine	About, concerning	ew-zay-reeany
paket	parcel	pah-kate
Pul	stamp	pool
Görüşmek	to converse	gö-rewsh-mak
adres	address	ahdress
Vurmak	to beat	voor-mahk
Buluşmak	to meet	booloosh-mahk
yardımlaşmak	to help one another	yahrdım-lahsh- mahk
Gerek	necessary	uay-rake
Giymek	to dress	guiy-mak
Giyinmek	to dress oneself
Çarpmak	to hit	chahrp-mahk
çarpışmak	to knock one another.
Hazırlanmak	to prepare	hahzır-lah-mahk
hazırlanmak,	get ready.
Sevişmek	to love each other	saveesh-make
.... den beri	since	baree
Tutmak	to seize	toot-mahk
rakı	an alcoholic drink	rah-kı

Anlamak	To understand	anlaşmak	to understand one another
Oynamak	To play	oynaşmak	to play together
Ölçmek	To measure	ölçüşmek	to vie, to contend.

Bu iş üzerine görüşeceğiz.

We shall talk this matter over.

Hayatta yardımlaşmak gerek

In life iı is necessary to help one another.

Yolsa iki otomobil çarpıştı.

One the road two automobiles knocked one onther.

Sinema kapısında buluşalım.

Let us meet at the entrance ( door ) of the cinema.

Paul ve Mary sevişiyorlar.

Paul and Mary are in love

Kendi kendine konuşmak.

To talk to oneself.

Yıkamak	To wash	yıkanmak	to wash oneself
Giymek	To dress	giyinmek	to dress oneself
Bulmak	To find	bulunmak	to be at.
Tutmak	to hold	tutunmak	to cling.

The suffix of the reflexive verb is "-in (or "-ın, -ün, -un") for stems ending in a consonant. For stems ending in a vowel, the suffix is merely "-n"

The reflexive verb is also formed by means of the pronoun "kendi kendine" (oneself).

Kapı iyi kapanmıyor..	The door does not shut well
Bu film uzun zamandan beri oynanıyor.	The film is played since very long
Bu kitap aranıyor ve çok okunuyor.	This book is sought-after and ( it is ) Much read.
Sınava hazırlanacağım.	I shall prepare myself to the examination.
Yemeğimizi kendimiz hazırladık.	We have prepared the (our) meal ourselves.

The impersonal verb is obtained with the 3 rd person plural of the present tense:

Diyorlar ki	It is said that
Türkiye'de rakı içiyorlar	One drinks rakı in Turkey
Bu köyde erken kalkarlar	One rises early in this vilage

But mostly the passive voice is used :

İngilizce konuşulur.	English is spoken
Pul satılır.	Stamps are sold (here).
Girilir	Entrance
Çıkılır	Exit, way out
Girilmez	No admittance, no entry
Park yapılmaz	No parking

The relative verb is formed by the first person plural of the past tense (geldik, verdik, yazdık, etc. - 19 th lesson) to which the possessive suffixes are added (see 3 rd lesson). Except for the 3 rd person plural, the final "k" turns into "ğ" (see foot-note on page 18).

Aldığım mektup.	The letter I received.
Verdiğiniz kitap.	The book you gave.
Bulamadığım adres.	The adress you didn't find.
Sorduğu fiyat yüksekti.	The price he asked for was high.
İçtiğimiz çay soğuktu.	The tea we drank was cold.
Yazdıkları mektup uzundu.	The letter they wrote was long.
Beklediğim paket gelmedi.	The parcel I expected didn't reach me.
Anlamadığınız bir şey var mı?	Is there anything you didn't understand?
Konuştuğun dil nedir?	What is the language you are speaking?

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