Ders 3 - Tr for Fr

Evim var.	I have a house.	ayveem vahr
Defterin var.	You have a notebook.	deaf-tarin vahr
Kalemi var.	He (she) has a pencil.	cah-laymee vahr

Possessives are denoted with "possessive suffixes" in Turkish. Turkish possessive suffixes are:

- im	my	My pencil	Kalemim
- imiz	our	Our pencil	Kalemimiz
- in	your	Your pencil	Kalemin
- iniz	your	Your pencil	Kaleminiz
- i	his, her, its	His/her pencil	Kalemi
- leri	their	Their pencil	Kalemleri

These, of course, must comply with the rule of eupony too.

Should the word end in a vowel; "-s" is added between the vowel and suffix "-i"; in other words, the suffix of the 3rd person singular (he, she, it) becomes "-si". However, for other subjects, the first "-i" of the possessive is dropped.

Masam var.	I have a table.
Kedisi var.	He (she) has a cat.
Bahçemiz var.	We have a garden.
Kitabı var.	He (she) has a book.
İskemleniz var.	You have a chair.
Gülüm var.	I have a rose.
Dersleri var.	They have a lesson.
Fırçası var.	He (she) has a brush.
Kutunuz var.	You have a box.
Şişeleri var.	They have a bottle.
Arkadaşınız iyidir.	Your friend is good.
İyi bir arkadaşım var.	I have a good friend.
Yüzüğünüz güzeldir.	Your ring is beautiful.
Güzel bir yüzüğünüz var.	You have a beautiful ring.
Beyaz bir atım var.	I have a write horse.
Zor bir dersimiz var.	We have a difficult lesson.
Zayıf bir kalbim var.	I have a week heart.

Anahtar	key	ah-nah-tahr	Kaşık	spoon	cah-shık
Kalp	heart	cahlp	At	horse	aht
Arkadaş	friend	ahr-cahdash	Makas	scissors	mah-cass
Bıçak	knife	bı-chahk	Bardak	glass	bahr-dahk
Şişe	bottle	she-shay	Şapka	hat	shahp-cah
Top	ball	tohp	Çatal	fork	chah-tahl
Göz	eye	guöz	Tabak	plate	tah-bahk
Yüzük	ring	yew-zewk	Çivi	nail	chee-vy
Fırça	brush	fır-chah	Var	there is	vahr
Baş	head	bahsh	Yok	there is not	yohk

"Var" is the equivalent of "there+be". The negative form is expressed by the word "yok".

When used with possessive suffixes, these two words also express possession of subject; similar to "have / have got".

Evim yok.	I don’t have a house.
Fırçan yok.	You have not a brush.
Çatalı yok.	He (she) has not a fork.
Bıçağımız yok.	We have not a knife.
Kaşığınız yok.	You have not a spoon.
Köpekleri yok.	They have not a dog.
Tabağım yok.	I have not a plate.
Bardağı yok.	He (she) has not a glass.
Şişemiz yok.	We have not a bottle.

The interrogative form is obtained with the particle "mi" which is placed, without joining, after sentences. Due to euphony the particle turns to "mı" after "var" and "mu" after "yok", still without joining.

Eviniz var mı?	Have you got a house?
Şapkan var mı?	Have you got a hat?
Atları var mı?	Have they got a horse?
Makası var mı?	Has he (she) got the scissors?
Köpeğiniz var mı?	Have you got a dog?
Şişemiz yok mu?	Haven’t we got a bottle?
Anahtarın yok mu?	Haven’t you got a key?
Kitabınız yok mu?	Haven’t you got a book?
Topu yok mu?	Hasn’t he (she) got a ball?
Gözleri yok mu?	Haven’t they got eyes?

Exercise 4. -Put the following phrases into Turkish.

I have a friend.
You have a friend (2nd person singular)
He has a ball.
We have a heart.
You have a nail (2nd person plural)
They have a ring.
He has no heart.
Have you a ball? (2nd person plural)
I have not a ring.
Have you a friend? (2nd person singular)
Have we a house?
You have not a pencil. (2nd person plural)
Have you not a heart? (2nd person singular)

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